{"id":686,"date":"2026-09-11T16:45:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T16:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/?p=686"},"modified":"2026-09-11T16:45:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T16:45:42","slug":"huyen-thoai-hoan-kiem-co-tu-bao-gio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/2026\/09\/11\/huyen-thoai-hoan-kiem-co-tu-bao-gio\/","title":{"rendered":"Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u2018ho\u00e0n ki\u1ebfm\u2019 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0o h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ckh\u00f4ng gian k\u00fd \u1ee9c\u201d, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khoa c\u1eed, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a-gi\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ed3ng x\u1ebfp l\u00ean nhau.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o qua th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1eddi L\u00ea Tr\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 L\u00ea; Tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 L\u00ea; r\u1ed3i trong th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. Sau n\u0103m 1945 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954, H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia: bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m h\u00f4m nay, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh quan hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. C\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u1ed1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 sung, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m. \u1ea2nh: H\u1eefu Quy\u1ebft\/Pexels<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1. T\u1eeb Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfm Thanh Th\u00fay<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a ai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ch\u1eef \u201cHo\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm\u201d, \u201cH\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m\u201d v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV-XVI. L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5\/ Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u00e0y khi vi\u1ebft Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/em> (\u85cd\u5c71\u5be6\u9304) n\u0103m 1431. Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed1n D\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed <\/em>vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1434. C\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c v\u0103n bia L\u00ea s\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n c\u0169ng tr\u1eafng b\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/em> (b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 n\u0103m 1697) th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cL\u1ee5c Th\u1ee7y\u201d, \u201cT\u1ea3 V\u1ecdng\u201d, \u201cH\u1eefu V\u1ecdng\u201d. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh duy nh\u1ea5t ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 kinh th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u1ebd th\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi sau, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 (ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh) th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 17-18. Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm h\u1ed3 (\u8fd8\u5292\u6e56) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3t, th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng ngay \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e3i Ph\u00fac X\u00e1. X\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i<\/em> c\u1ee7a A. des Rhodes (so\u1ea1n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0, h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00ea H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngo\u00e0i r\u00eca c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f9ng Th\u00e1i H\u1ed3 v\u1edbi V\u0103n Mi\u1ebfu \u2013 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1eed Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c trong ch\u00ednh s\u1eed. V\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb7t ra, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u201cho\u00e0n ki\u1ebfm\u201d v\u1ec1 vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd?<\/p>\n

Ta l\u1ea7n t\u00ecm s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201cki\u1ebfm Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean\u201d trong Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/em>. B\u1ea3n in s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1676 (V\u0129nh Tr\u1ecb 1) b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m H\u1ed3 S\u0129 D\u01b0\u01a1ng (H\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0). So v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 L\u00ea S\u00e1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng so\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, do c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u t\u1eeb \u201cTr\u1eabm\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ph\u1ea7n huy\u1ec1n s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau, v\u1edbi ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 1676. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u1ef1 t\u00edch Lam S\u01a1n\u201d: L\u00ea L\u1ee3i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n L\u00ea Th\u1eadn, sau l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n g\u01b0\u01a1m \u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u0111a c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n r\u1ed3ng h\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hai ch\u1eef \u2018Thanh Th\u00fay\u201d. V\u1ee3 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5n, c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cL\u00ea L\u1ee3i\u201d. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n L\u00ea L\u1ee3i t\u00e1ng m\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u1edf x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng Chi\u00eau Nghi, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed quan ch\u00e9p b\u1ed5 sung (l\u1ee5c) \u1edf sau Quy\u1ec3n 1 c\u1ee7a Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c <\/em>[1]. C\u00e1c s\u1eed li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Thanh ki\u1ebfm Thanh Th\u00fay, v\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u1ef7 \u201cL\u00ea L\u1ee3i\u201d \u1edf trong 2 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u00ea. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a trao ki\u1ebfm, nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfm, v\u00e0 r\u00f9a v\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i khi Th\u0103ng Long th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft \u201cho\u00e0n ki\u1ebfm\u201d l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 (1768 \u2013 1832): \u201cH\u1ed3 T\u1ea3 V\u1ecdng: \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam th\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long, ph\u00eda trong La Th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n x\u01b0a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Nh\u1ecb. Vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3 g\u01b0\u01a1m cho r\u00f9a th\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm. V\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 n\u01a1i duy\u1ec7t th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 Th\u1ee7y Qu\u00e2n. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, chia \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ed3, b\u00ean b\u1eafc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 T\u1ea3 V\u1ecdng, b\u00ean ph\u00eda nam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 H\u1eefu V\u1ecdng [2]. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u00ean \u201cth\u00e0nh Th\u0103ng Long\u201d cho th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1802.<\/p>\n

K\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n trong s\u00e1ch \u201cV\u0169 trung t\u00f9y b\u00fat\u201d ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201ch\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u00e9 ph\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1o Thi\u00ean, th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng [H\u1ed3ng], r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n tri\u1ec1u Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1eebng r\u01a1i ki\u1ebfm (\u5760\u5292\u8655). X\u01b0a Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t thanh c\u1ed5 ki\u1ebfm. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111eo b\u00ean m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u01a1i thuy\u1ec1n trong h\u1ed3, c\u00f3 con gi\u1ea3i (r\u00f9a) l\u1edbn n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang, b\u00e8n c\u1ea7m ki\u1ebfm ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o r\u00f9a, ki\u1ebfm li\u1ec1n r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u00f9a l\u1eb7n theo ki\u1ebfm. Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn, sai l\u1ea5p c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u [n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng], \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00ea t\u00e1t c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1eddi sau nh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea5y m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea3 V\u1ecdng v\u00e0 H\u1eefu V\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi C\u1ea3nh H\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa h\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ecbm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 bay \u0111i r\u1ed3i.\u201d [3]<\/p>\n

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C\u1ea7u Th\u00ea H\u00fac. \u1ea2nh: L\u1ed9c Nguy\u1ec5n\/Pexels<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hai ch\u1eef \u201cTi\u1ec1n tri\u1ec1u\u201d cho th\u1ea5y v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c sau n\u0103m 1802- v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n tri\u1ec1u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, c\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 (\u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u1edf th\u1eddi L\u00ea trung h\u01b0ng, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 th\u1eadm tr\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i C\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u00e0 L\u00ea m\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfm\u201d. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 cho th\u1ea5y, khi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea \u0111ang c\u00f2n, di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n \u201ctr\u1ea3 g\u01b0\u01a1m\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u00e0 L\u00ea s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n l\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n t\u00e2m linh khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ea5n B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb li\u00ean l\u1ee5y, v\u00e0 v\u00e0i k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec th\u1edd nh\u1ea7m \u201cng\u1ee5y t\u1eb7c T\u00e2y S\u01a1n\u201d [4]. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian \u201cH\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m\u201d m\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o khi Th\u0103ng Long m\u1ea5t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 sau 792 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 ch\u00ed l\u1ee5c <\/em>c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Ch\u1ea5t (\u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ed Th\u0103ng Long \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch H\u00e1n N\u00f4m\u201d, cb. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00fay Nga, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean, Nxb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. 2007, tr.494), Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 ch\u00ed l\u1ee5c<\/em> c\u1ee7a Phan Huy Ch\u00fa (1833, tr.517), Th\u0103ng Long c\u1ed5 t\u00edch kh\u1ea3o t\u1ecbnh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3 <\/em>c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Xu\u00e2n Khanh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i s\u01a1n nguy\u00ean phong v\u1ef1c <\/em>(tr.170).<\/p>\n

H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 <\/em>c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Cung (so\u1ea1n n\u0103m 1852), sau khi ghi vi\u1ec7c L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm- m\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfm c\u00f2n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft: \u201c\u2026., b\u00ean tr\u00e1i h\u1ed3 [Th\u1ee7y Qu\u00e2n] c\u00f3 cung Kh\u00e1nh Th\u1ee5y, trong c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh non b\u1ed9 s\u01a1n th\u1ee7y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o Tai v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc B\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u00e0o n\u0103m V\u0129nh H\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai cao nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e2u c\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee7 ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh. Truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng trong h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 to, c\u00f3 con c\u00f2n \u0111eo c\u1ea3 v\u00f2ng v\u00e0ng v\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c. D\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 k\u1ebb mang \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft l\u1ebbn xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 b\u1eaft tr\u1ed9m. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m c\u00e1 ch\u1ebft n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau nh\u00e0 L\u00ea m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi Gia Long c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cKi\u1ebfm H\u1ed3 s\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea9u\u201d vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfm chi\u1ebfu C\u00f4 T\u00f4, Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm danh l\u1eebng t\u1ef1a \u0110\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3. Giao Long \u00f4m m\u00e3i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m h\u1eadn, Th\u1ea5t tinh r\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfu v\u1eabn b\u01a1 v\u01a1.\u201d (H\u00e0n y\u00ean b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfm chi\u1ebfu C\u00f4 T\u00f4, Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0u danh \u1ee9c \u0110\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3. Giao t\u1ee7ng ba h\u00e0m thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 h\u1eadn, Long quang \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfu th\u1ea5t tinh c\u00f4) [5]. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t: Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m g\u1edf b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 L\u00ea suy vong. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1m tri\u1ec7u\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gian truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u c\u00e2u: \u201cquanh H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng ai b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n vua L\u00ea\u201d.<\/p>\n

3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u01b0\u1edbc sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, Th\u0103ng Long m\u1ea5t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4, sau khi tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n chuy\u1ec3n kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0o Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n. Th\u0103ng Long b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh: t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c sa s\u00fat v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eebng l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u0129 phu B\u1eafc H\u00e0, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ea9n \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u0103ng Long x\u01b0a: Th\u0103ng Long t\u1ee9 tr\u1ea5n, Th\u0103ng Long t\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n,\u2026 [6]<\/p>\n

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Tranh r\u00f9a mang g\u01b0\u01a1m b\u00e1u \u1edf c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec1n Ng\u1ecdc S\u01a1n. \u1ea2nh: B\u00f9i Th\u1ee5y \u0110\u00e0o Nguy\u00ean\/CC BY-SA 3.0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3nh quan H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1n Ng\u1ecdc S\u01a1n, Th\u00e1p B\u00fat, \u0110\u00e0i Nghi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n linh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Si\u00eau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn Nho gia. Th\u00e1p B\u00fat, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2y b\u00fat h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng \u201ct\u1ea3 thanh thi\u00ean\u201d, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh. B\u00fat v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb s\u0129. \u0110\u00e0i Nghi\u00ean g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khoa c\u1eed. \u0110\u1ec1n Ng\u1ecdc S\u01a1n, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a t\u1ea7ng, n\u01a1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a V\u0103n X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ebf qu\u00e2n \u2013 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4i Tinh \u2013 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoa b\u1ea3ng \u2013 khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u1eed t\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c: quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec m\u1ea5t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u1ea5y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian n\u01a1i v\u00f5 v\u00e0 v\u0103n, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, Thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p nhau d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

(K\u1ef3 t\u1edbi: Th\u00e1p R\u00f9a v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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[1] L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, (1431), Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/em>, B\u1ea3n L\u00ea S\u00e1t, tr.8a-11a, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eabn b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Di\u00ean Ni\u00ean, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2006, tr.189-191.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2] Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5, \u201cTr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 di t\u00edch \u1edf Th\u0103ng Long\u201d, Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 v\u0103n<\/em>, Tr\u1ea7n Kim Anh d\u1ecbch, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr.198-199.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3] K\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7, \u201cH\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m\u201d, trong Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c, ed. Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n, d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1m Nguy\u00ean, C\u01a1 s\u1edf xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i Nam, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr.181. Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia, R.89, tr.34b-35a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4] Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, (2022), \u201cTh\u1ea7n linh d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, trong Nam Vi\u1ec7t th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ee5c<\/em>, NXB D\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr.20-23.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5] D\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Cung, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0, s\u0111d, 2007, tr.44.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6] Nguy\u1ec5n Do\u00e3n Minh, \u201cT\u1ee9 tr\u1ea5n Th\u0103ng Long H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\u201d, NXB KHXH. 2018.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\nNgu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft:<\/strong> tiasang.com.vn \u2014\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i ‘ho\u00e0n ki\u1ebfm’ g\u1eafn v\u1edbi l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u. V\u1eady n\u1ec1n\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":687,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"svh_topic":[],"class_list":["post-686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=686"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":690,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/686\/revisions\/690"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=686"},{"taxonomy":"svh_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sungroupvinhhung.info.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/svh_topic?post=686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}